Nothing important stands alone.

Sources are not a bibliography at the bottom of the page. They are part of the reading surface: contextual trust, exact locators, dates, limitations and alternatives.

Nothing important stands alone.

ITU telecommunications historical series via UNdata

World Development Indicators — historical series

France — official statistics

China — 2016 Statistical Communiqué

Natural Earth 5

GEBCO 2026 Grid

OpenStreetMap

China internet use — 2016 report

France R&D statistics

WIPO resident patent applications

SIPRI military expenditure

Opened Atlas political geometry policy

CIA World Factbook — 2006 estimates

France diplomatic and consular network — period report

China overseas diplomatic network — 2006 reconstruction

China diplomatic relations — contemporary country profile

Global Diplomacy Index — 2016

Merchandise trade country profiles

Net energy imports historical series

Alliance Française network reporting

Alliance Française network and learners — budget reporting

Alliance learner count — alternative contemporary reporting

Confucius Institutes and Classrooms — contemporary reporting

Maxi Atlas — personnel figures quoted by the supplements

Supplied historical research notes